Arizona Daily Sun from Flagstaff, Arizona • B3

ArizonA DAily Sun Thursday, June 21, 2018 B3 1 U.S. history, expansionism was dominant, prevalent and unstoppable. It is not the purpose here to dissect the multitude of events leading to this tragedy. There were con- flicts aplenty, among the various groups, native and Hispanic alike, even before the Anglo arrived in force as General army occupied Santa Fe in 1846. After that date, however, the pressures increased dramatically.

In the 1840s, the U.S. government moved its governance of Indian af- fairs from the Department of War to the Department of the Interior, reflecting a changing attitude to- ward indigenous peoples. They would now be placed on reservations, taught farming and mechanical skills, and generally be as- similated into mainstream America language, cus- toms, housing and all. Res- ervations, commonly, were marginal places, and the one assigned to the Navajos especially so. Bosque Redondo in New Mexico, the site of Fort Sumner, was an arid and wind-scoured place, frequented by raiding Co- manches and ill-suited to support the least pastoral existence.

To this dystopia the were driven like so many cattle by none other than Kit Carson across mountain passes, danger- ous river crossings, scru- bland and alkali flats, in over 50 separate events. They trudged in all weather, the sick or dis- abled often abandoned on the trail, or even shot. They were poorly fed, inade- quately clothed, depressed and dispirited, often ill, and subject to high mortality. Families were split, fre- quently losing track of each other in the melee. Then, when the survivors arrived in Bosque Redondo, they faced a drab existence com- pletely devoid of comfort and familiarity.

However, they had each other, and they had strong leaders, and they survived in spite of many challenges bracketed by sickness and death. Within a few years, even the American over- seers began to accept that Bosque Redondo had no viable future. By this time, the Navajo were unified and even rebellious in their de- termination to leave, while the army at Fort Sumner had essentially lost control. General Sherman, as negotiator, offered the a place in Indian Territory (Oklahoma), and he assured them that it would be a place. It seems they had heard that one be- fore, and with leaders such as Barboncito they stood firm; they must return to their home bounded by the Four Sacred Peaks, and they finally prevailed.

The treaty of 1868 was signed in June, and a res- ervation that included Shiprock and Canyon de Chelly was set aside. The journey back, although ar- duous, must have been one brimming with joy, hope, and relief as familiar vistas and colors appeared on the horizon. More lands were added to the reservation over the years, and the are today a successful and populous group occupying a vast territory. This sad chapter in Na- vajo history ultimately ended well, but obviously it would have worked out better had they never been forced on their at all. In any event, it was a stunning overreaction, appallingly mismanaged, on the part of the United States government.

Jeffrey Cooney is a volunteer nPs interpretive ranger, including serving with the Interpretive Partnership during the 2016 and seasons. For more on the Bosque redondo Memorial at Fort sumner state Monument in new Mexico, visit newmexico.org/listing/fort- sumner-historic-site-bosque- The Interpretive Partnership is a unique agreement between the national Park service and the u.s. Forest service to provide interpretive ranger walks and talks in the Flagstaff area throughout the summer. submit questions for ask a ranger to com. KATHY WEISER-ALEXANDER AND DAVID ALEXANDER, COURTESY More than 8,000 navajos were interned at Bosque redondo.

This ranger walks and talks Friday evening ranger talk at Bonito Campground: p.m. Take part in a virtual tour of western na- tional parks with ranger eric Zeliff to see how railroads played a key role in the development of american tourism, in history of railroads and national Park Campground am- phitheater. Saturday evening ranger talk at Pine Grove Campground: p.m. Join ranger John Begay to hear a of native american and their connection to the southwest region. From the earliest Paleo-Indians crossing the Bering strait to the modern-day tribes of the southwest.

Campground am- phitheater. arizona snowbowl scenic Chairlift ride continues to be closed due to forest closures. LUKE MEREDITH AP Sports Writer DES MOINES, Iowa For American track and field fans, this USATF Outdoor Champi- onships in Des Moines will be the pinnacle of the 2018 season with no Olympics and no world champion- ships. The best of the best from Team USA is slated to com- pete, with sprinter Ronnie Baker, hurdler Keni Har- rison and emerging star Sydney McLaughlin among a host of past Olympic medalists and champions aiming for domestic ti- tles at Drake Stadium. The meet starts today and runs through Sunday.

feel like the (U.S.A) has the strongest com- petition when it comes to nationals. I think every event is super deep, and going to be fun to test yourself against the best athletes in the world and, to do it on home soil, not something that we get to do that said Kori Carter, the world 400-me- ter hurdles champion who will compete in the 100 hurdles this weekend. Here are some of the key events to follow as the U.S. national outdoor meet re- turns to Iowa after a five- year absence: 100 The title of Fastest has been up for grabs ever since Us- ain Bolt retired. Baker, the former University of Kentucky star, hopes to soon claim it and been sporting a necklace with a pendant since the start of this season.

Baker, 24, has certainly pro- gressed toward his goal, running a wind-aided 9.78 seconds in Eugene, Oregon and a 9.93 in Rome a week later in Diamond League action on May 31. is the fastest man in the world. my goal ev- ery single time I step out on the Baker said. not saving myself for next year (and 100 HURDLES Harrison is well known in Des Moines after be- coming the first person since Lolo Jones to win this event three years in a row. Harrison, the world and American record holder at 12.20, took first on the Blue Oval in April in a wind- aided 12.37 after winning the world indoor title this spring.

excited to be here because this track is really Harrison said. 400 McLaughlin, the 18-year-old Kentucky star, turned pro two weeks ago. Though McLaugh- specialty the 400 hurdles, ranked fifth in the world in the 400 af- ter posting a 50.07 earlier this season. main competition might be Kendall Ellis. Her remarkable closing kick to help USC win the 1,600 relay at the recent NCAA meet was arguably the most notable highlight in 2018.

1500 This one is shaping up to be a matchup be- tween a pair of Iowa na- tives: Jenny Simpson and Shelby Houlihan. Simpson is 10-1 all-time at Drake Stadium, where she shat- tered the American mark in the two-mile race back in April. Simpson, the first U.S. woman to win a medal in the 1500 at the Olympics (bronze in 2016), was upset by Houlihan at the Prefontaine Classic late last month. Houlihan, who grew up in Sioux City, finished in 3:59.16.

FIELD EVENTS Five gold medalists from the Rio Games in 2016 will compete for U.S. ti- tles in Iowa. Tianna Bar- toletta (long jump) and Michelle Carter (shot put) lead the defending Olympic champions from the side and Ryan Crouser (shot put), Christian Taylor (triple jump) and Jeffrey Hen- derson (long jump) rep- resent the American men hoping to make it two in a row in Tokyo two summers from now. pole vaulter Sandi Morris won her first national title a year ago and will be look- ing to hold off Jenn Suhr, who won 10 of 11 Ameri- can titles between 2006 and 2016. USATF meet to highlight American track season Sports on TV Schedule subject to change blackouts Thursday, June 21 COLLEGE BASEBALL 5 p.m.

ESPNU NCAA College World Series, Game 10, Texas Tech vs. Florida, at Omaha, Neb. HORSE RACING 5:30 a.m. NBCSN Cup Challenge Series: Royal Ascot, Norfolk Stakes (and Gold Cup), at Ascot, England GOLF 2:30 a.m. GOLF European PGA Tour, BMW International Open, first round, at Pulheim, Germany 6:30 a.m.

GOLF European PGA Tour, BMW International Open, first round, at Pulheim, Germany (same-day tape) 12:30 p.m. GOLF PGA Tour, Travelers Championship, first round, at Cromwell, Conn. 9 p.m. (Friday) GOLF Asian Korean Tours, Kolon Korea Open, second round, at Cheonan, South Korea MLB BASEBALL 10 a.m. MLB Boston at Minnesota 1 p.m.

MLB N.Y. Mets at Colorado (joined in progress) 4 p.m. MLB Regional coverage, Chicago Cubs at Cincinnati OR Baltimore at Washington 7 p.m. MLB Regional coverage, Toronto at L.A. Angels OR San Diego at San Francisco MIXED MARTIAL ARTS 6 p.m.

NBCSN Professional Fighters League, at Chicago NBA BASKETBALL 4 p.m. ESPN 2018 NBA Draft, at Brooklyn, N.Y. ESPN2 The Jump 2018 NBA Draft Special NBA 2018 NBA Draft, at Brooklyn, N.Y. SOCCER 5 a.m. FS1 FIFA World Cup, Group stage: Group Denmark vs.

Australia, at Samara, Russia 8 a.m. FOX FIFA World Cup, Group stage: Group France vs. Peru, at Ekaterinburg, Russia 11 a.m. FOX FIFA World Cup, Group stage: Group Argentina vs. Croatia, at Nizhny Novgorod, Russia BASEBALL American League East Division Pct GB New York 49 22 .690 Boston 49 26 .653 2 Toronto 34 39 .466 16 Tampa Bay 34 40 .459 Baltimore 21 51 .292 Central Division Pct GB Cleveland 40 33 .548 Detroit 36 39 .480 5 Minnesota 33 37 .471 Chicago 24 49 .329 16 Kansas City 22 52 .297 West Division Pct GB Houston 50 26 .658 Seattle 46 28 .622 3 Los Angeles 39 35 .527 10 Oakland 38 36 .514 11 Texas 32 44 .421 18 Games N.Y.

Yankees 7, Seattle 2 Washington 9, Baltimore 7 Atlanta 11, Toronto 4 Cincinnati 9, Detroit 5 Cleveland 6, Chicago White Sox 3 Minnesota 6, Boston 2 Tampa Bay 2, Houston 1 Texas 4, Kansas City 1 L.A. Angels 5, Arizona 4 Oakland 4, San Diego 2, 10 innings Games Cincinnati 5, Detroit 3 Toronto 5, Atlanta 4 Cleveland 12, Chicago White Sox 0 Oakland 12, San Diego 4 Baltimore 3, Washington 0 N.Y. Yankees 7, Seattle 5 Houston 5, Tampa Bay 1 Minnesota 4, Boston 1 Texas 3, Kansas City 2 Games Seattle (Paxton 6-1) at N.Y. Yankees (Severino 10-2), 10:05 a.m. Boston (Porcello 8-3) at Minnesota (Gibson 2-4), 10:10 a.m.

Baltimore (Gausman 3-6) at Washington (Scherzer 10-3), 4:05 p.m. Oakland (Bassitt 0-2) at Chicago White Sox (Giolito 4-7), 5:10 p.m. Toronto (Sanchez 3-5) at L.A. Angels (Skaggs 6-4), 7:07 p.m. Games Detroit at Cleveland, 4:10 p.m.

N.Y. Yankees at Tampa Bay, 4:10 p.m. Seattle at Boston, 4:10 p.m. Baltimore at Atlanta, 4:35 p.m. Kansas City at Houston, 5:10 p.m.

Oakland at Chicago White Sox, 5:10 p.m. Texas at Minnesota, 5:10 p.m. Toronto at L.A. Angels, 7:07 p.m. National League East Division Pct GB Atlanta 43 30 .589 Philadelphia 39 33 .542 Washington 39 33 .542 New York 31 40 .437 11 Miami 29 46 .387 15 Central Division Pct GB Chicago 42 29 .592 Milwaukee 43 30 .589 St.

Louis 38 34 .528 Pittsburgh 36 37 .493 7 Cincinnati 28 45 .384 15 West Division Pct GB Arizona 40 33 .548 Los Angeles 38 35 .521 2 San Francisco 37 38 .493 4 Colorado 36 38 .486 San Diego 34 42 .447 Games L.A. Dodgers 4, Chicago Cubs 3, 1st game Milwaukee 3, Pittsburgh 2 St. Louis 7, Philadelphia 6 Washington 9, Baltimore 7 Atlanta 11, Toronto 4 Cincinnati 9, Detroit 5 Chicago Cubs 2, L.A. Dodgers 1, 2nd game, 10 innings Colorado 10, N.Y. Mets 8 L.A.

Angels 5, Arizona 4 Oakland 4, San Diego 2, 10 innings San Francisco 6, Miami 3 Games Milwaukee at Pittsburgh, ppd. Cincinnati 5, Detroit 3 Toronto 5, Atlanta 4 Philadelphia 4, St. Louis 3 Chicago Cubs 4, L.A. Dodgers 0 Oakland 12, San Diego 4 San Francisco 6, Miami 5 Baltimore 3, Washington 0 Colorado 10, N.Y. Mets 8 Games N.Y.

Mets (Matz 3-4) at Colorado (Freeland 6-6), 12:10 p.m. Arizona (Godley 7-5) at Pittsburgh (Kuhl 5-4), 4:05 p.m. Baltimore (Gausman 3-6) at Washington (Scherzer 10-3), 4:05 p.m. Chicago Cubs (Hendricks 5-6) at Cincinnati (Harvey 1-5), 4:10 p.m. St.

Louis (Martinez 3-3) at Milwaukee (Suter 7-4), 5:10 p.m. San Diego (Ross 5-4) at San Francisco (Bumgarner 0-2), 7:15 p.m. Games Arizona at Pittsburgh, 4:05 p.m. Philadelphia at Washington, 4:05 p.m. Chicago Cubs at Cincinnati, 4:10 p.m.

L.A. Dodgers at N.Y. Mets, 4:10 p.m. Baltimore at Atlanta, 4:35 p.m. St.

Louis at Milwaukee, 5:10 p.m. Miami at Colorado, 5:40 p.m. San Diego at San Francisco, 7:15 p.m. BASKETBALL EASTERN CONFERENCE Pct GB Connecticut 7 4 .636 Washington 7 5 .583 Atlanta 6 6 .500 New York 4 6 .400 Chicago 3 8 .273 4 Indiana 1 11 .083 WESTERN CONFERENCE Pct GB Los Angeles 9 2 .818 Phoenix 10 3 .769 Seattle 8 4 .667 Dallas 5 5 .500 Minnesota 5 6 .455 4 Las Vegas 4 9 .308 6 Games Washington 88, Chicago 60 New York 79, Atlanta 72 Las Vegas 89, Seattle 77 Minnesota 91, Dallas 83 Los Angeles 74, Indiana 55 Games No games scheduled Games No games scheduled Games Connecticut at Atlanta, 4 p.m. Los Angeles at Dallas, 5 p.m.

Washington at Chicago, 6 p.m. Minnesota at Phoenix, 7 p.m. New York at Las Vegas, 7 p.m. Indiana at Seattle, 7 p.m. TRANSACTIONS Baseball American League BALTIMORE ORIOLES Optioined INF Corban Joseph to Bowie (EL).

Reinstated RHP Andrew Cashner from the 10-day DL. Sent OF Colby Rasmus to Bowie and 3B Tim Beckham to Norfolk (IL) for rehab assignments. Signed SS John Ham to a minor league contract. DETROIT TIGERS Placed RHP Drew VerHagen on the 10-day DL. Recalled RHP Johnny Barbato from Toledo (IL).

Sent LHP Daniel Stumpf to Toledo for a rehab assignment. Signed Jon Rosoff and RHPs Ethan DeCaster, Austin Anderson and Wes Noble to minor league contracts. HOUSTON ASTROS Sent RHP Brady Rodgers to Tri-City (NYP) for a rehab assignment. KANSAS CITY ROYALS Recalled RHP Heath Fillmyer from Omaha (PCL). Signed LHP Kris Bubic, RHP Eduard Rosillo and OFs Kevon Jackson, David Hollie and Juan Carlos Negret to minor league contracts.

LOS ANGELES ANGELS Assigned RHP Oliver Drake outright to Salt Lake (PCL). MINNESOTA TWINS Signed RHP Jon Olsen and Austin Hale to minor league contracts. TEXAS RANGERS Signed LHP Josh Smith and RHP Robby Rowland to minor league contracts. TORONTO BLUE JAYS Placed RHP Sam Gaviglio on paternity leave. Recalled 2B Lourdes Gurriel Jr.

from Buffalo (IL). Signed OF Griffin Conine, LHP Ryan Thurston and RHP Jackson Reese to minor league contracts. National League ATLANTA BRAVES Signed LHP Mitch Stallings to a minor league contract. CHICAGO CUBS Placed RHP Brandon Morrow on the 10-day DL, retroactive to Sunday. LOS ANGELES DODGERS Optioned RHP Brock Stewart to Oklahoma City (PCL).

Signed 3B Luke Heyer, 1B Dillon Paulson and OFs Daniel Robinson, Matt Cogen, Niko Hulsizer and James Outman to minor league contracts. MIAMI MARLINS Sent RHP Nick Wittgren and 1B Garrett Cooper to New Orleans (PCL) for rehab assignments. MILWAUKEE BREWERS Sent RHP Zach Davies to Colorado Springs (PCL) for a rehab assignment. NEW YORK METS Signed Nick Meyer and RHPs Tommy Wilson and Ryley Gilliam to minor league contracts. PHILADELPHIA PHILLIES SS J.P.

Crawford on the 10-day DL. Recalled 3B Mitch Walding from Lehigh Valley (IL). Signed Jesse Wilkening to a minor league contract. PITTSBURGH PIRATES Placed OF Corey Dickerson on family medical emergency leave. Recalled Adam Frazier from Indianapolis (IL).

Sent LHP Enny Romero to Indianapolis for a rehab assignment. ST. LOUIS CARDINALS Agreed to terms with 3B Liam Sabino and Cole Kreuter, RHP Jacob Sylvester and Joe Freiday Jr. on minor league contracts. SAN DIEGO PADRES Placed RHP Bryan Mitchell on the 10-day DL, retroactive to Sunday.

Reinstated LHP Joey Lucchesi from the 10-day DL. Atlantic League SUGAR LAND SKEETERS Signed RHP Simon Castro. Can-Am League OTTAWA CHAMPIONS Signed Zak Colby. QUEBEC CAPITALES Signed OF Phil Craig-St. Louis.

SUSSEX COUNTY MINERS Released INF Johnny Ruiz. Football NFL NFL PLAYERS ASSOCIATION Named Doug Whaley director of college scouting. HOUSTON TEXANS Waived OT Kendall Calhoun. Claimed OT Roderick Johnson off waivers from Cleveland. MINNESOTA VIKINGS DE Hercules Signed LB Mike Needham.

NEW YORK GIANTS Named Kevin Abrams vice president of football operations, in addition to his title of assistant general manager. Named Mark Koncz director of player personnel, Chris Pettit director of college scouting, Patrick Hanscomb Mid-Atlantic area scout, Marcus Cooper Southeast area scout, and Jackie Miles equipment manager. Hockey AHL ROCHESTER AMERICANS Re-signed Nathan Paetsch to a one-year contract. College NCAA Granted a waiver to Vanderbilt DL Rutger Reitmaier to play this season. COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON Named Keith Wiggans associate head soccer coach.

COLUMBIA INTERNATIONAL Named Kim Abbott assistant athletics director. KENTUCKY Announced graduate basketball Reid Travis is transferring from Stanford. LOYOLA (MD.) Named A.J. Guyton assistant basketball coach. OKLAHOMA STATE Named Dr.

Trevor Richardson director of counseling and sport psychology. RHODE ISLAND COLLEGE Named Tom Glynn basketball coach. UNLV Named Steve Wood assistant and swimming and diving coach. VANDERBILT Announced the contract of lacrosse coach Cathy Swezey will not be renewed. SPORTS to go with a sixth-place fin- ish from earlier in the month in the USATF Half Marathon Championships at 1:03:29.

The BAA 5K in April saw him place 17th in 14:11. spring, we just tried to race a lot, and raced a number of times at dif- ferent distances all over the country, and trying to get those racing legs back, those racing instincts back, and Boston is a really fast Rosario said. think potentially he could run a fast time and that will give him some Stephanie Bruce, on the other hand, has exuded confidence in her last races. She finished the Run for Women 5K in sec- ond place on June 2, clock- ing a 15:52 for a new road PR, and she placed seventh in the Mini 10K in New York with a time of 32:55. For the championships Wednesday, Molly Hud- dle owns the best mark of 31:19.86, while Bruce holds a 31:59.88 PR set in 2017 at the Stanford Invitational that places her as the eighth-best time.

Just behind Bruce is former teammate Ro- chelle Kanuho, who takes a 32:18.35 into Thursday. think this year, a little more ready to per- form at a high level right up Rosario said. Mike hartman can be reached at 556-2255 or at Follow him on Twitter Running From B1 (1 p.m. EDT, 1900 GMT) in Nizhny Novgorod. A look at other matches: DENMARK VS.

AUSTRALIA 3 p.m. (8 a.m. EDT) Australia, the decided underdog in a group that features three teams in the top 11 of the FIFA rank- ings, gets another tough matchup after dropping its opener to France. A loss to Denmark which is unbeaten in its last 16 international matches would make it very difficult for the Soc- ceroos to advance. Still, Australia was heartened by its play in the loss to France, whose two goals both came about as a result of video technology.

away from the France game, refueled us and we can tango with the Australia de- fender Trent Sainsbury said. Denmark will move on without starting mid- fielder William Kvist, who fractured two ribs and was sent home for treatment. He hopes to rejoin the team but is not expected to play again in the tour- nament no matter how far Denmark advances. Goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel was the star of 1-0 victory over Peru, and scoring opportunities for both sides could be sparse with Australia coach Bert van Marwijk committed to a defensive style of play. Van Marwijk said whether 38-year-old Tim Cahill will get on the field at Samara Arena.

Cahill has scored 50 goals in 106 appearances and play against France. With a goal, he would join four other players who have scored in four consecutive World Cups. FRANCE VS. PERU 6 p.m. (11 a.m.

EDT) Tens of thousands of Peru fans have followed their team to the most remote city in this World Cup Yekaterinburg, which is roughly 1,700 kilometers (1,056 miles) east of Moscow, a 25-hour drive that includes a pass over the Ural Mountains. After cheering deliri- ously through first World Cup appearance in 36 years, the fans will have to wait at least a little lon- ger to see a goal. Peru fired 17 shots at Schmeichel but convert during its opener against Den- mark. If Denmark were to get past Australia, a win by France would eliminate both Peru and the Aus- tralians from the compe- tition. The question for France and coach Didier Des- champs heading into the tournament was whether his young, talented team could play together ef- fectively.

uneven opener provide a clear answer, and Des- champs could change his lineup or tactics, although he specified how. Antoine Griezmann, the top scorer at the 2016 Eu- ropean Championship, re- mains the key to attack and will start, De- schamps said. needs to do more, and he knows the coach said. The big decision for Peru coach Ricardo Gareca will be whether to start the all-time leading scorer, Paolo Guerrero. Soccer From B1 roster gives me a ton of options to play a lot of different Hurley said.

could see scenarios where five guys 6-7 or bigger, which never The Sun Devils will have a new look, but appear to be ready to take another step in rebuilding project. ASU From B1 Ranger From B1.